What were the key characteristics of Taisho Democracy?

Taisho Democracy was characterised by increased political participation, liberalisation, and cultural innovation in Japan.

The Taisho Democracy, named after Emperor Taisho who reigned from 1912 to 1926, was a period of democratic development in Japan. It was marked by significant political, social, and cultural changes that set it apart from the preceding Meiji era and the following Showa era.

One of the key characteristics of the Taisho Democracy was the increased political participation. The introduction of universal male suffrage in 1925 was a significant milestone, allowing all men over the age of 25 to vote. This led to a rise in political parties and a more representative government. The Seiyukai and Minseito parties, in particular, gained prominence during this period.

Liberalisation was another defining feature of the Taisho Democracy. There was a shift towards more liberal and democratic ideals, influenced by Western political thought. This was reflected in the increased freedom of speech, thought, and association. The Peace Preservation Law of 1925, however, did place some restrictions on these freedoms, particularly for those seen as a threat to the state.

Cultural innovation also flourished during the Taisho era. This period saw the emergence of a vibrant urban culture, with the growth of mass media, literature, and arts. The influence of Western culture was particularly evident in the Taisho era, leading to a unique blend of Japanese and Western styles. This cultural shift was often referred to as "Taisho Roman", reflecting the romantic, liberal, and often hedonistic aspects of the era.

The Taisho Democracy also saw significant social changes. There was a growing middle class, and with it, an increased emphasis on education and social mobility. Women's rights also began to be recognised, with the women's suffrage movement gaining momentum during this period.

In conclusion, the Taisho Democracy was a period of significant change in Japan, marked by increased political participation, liberalisation, and cultural innovation. Despite its relatively short duration, it had a profound impact on Japanese society and culture.