What was the role of slavery in the ‘Abbasid economy?

Slavery played a significant role in the ‘Abbasid economy, particularly in agriculture, domestic service, and the military.

The ‘Abbasid Caliphate, which ruled from 750 to 1258, was a period of significant economic growth and cultural development in the Islamic world. Slavery was a key component of this economic system, with slaves performing a variety of roles that contributed to the overall prosperity of the empire.

Agriculture was a major sector of the ‘Abbasid economy, and slaves were extensively used in this area. They worked on large estates, particularly in the production of staple crops such as wheat and barley, as well as in the cultivation of cash crops like cotton and sugar. The use of slave labour in agriculture allowed for the production of surplus food, which could be sold for profit and used to support the urban populations of the empire.

In addition to their role in agriculture, slaves also served in domestic roles within the households of the ‘Abbasid elite. They were employed as cooks, cleaners, and personal attendants, and their labour contributed to the high standard of living enjoyed by the upper classes. Some slaves even held positions of significant responsibility, such as tutors for the children of the elite, or administrators within the household.

Perhaps the most distinctive role of slaves in the ‘Abbasid economy was their use in the military. The ‘Abbasids developed a system of slave soldiers, known as Mamluks, who were purchased as young boys, trained in military skills, and then used as a professional fighting force. The Mamluks were a significant source of military power for the ‘Abbasids, and their use allowed the empire to maintain control over its vast territories.

In conclusion, slavery was a fundamental part of the ‘Abbasid economy. Slaves were used in a variety of roles, from agricultural labourers to domestic servants to soldiers, and their labour contributed significantly to the economic prosperity and military power of the empire.