What strategies did Japan employ to establish control over Manchuria?

Japan employed military aggression, political manipulation, and economic exploitation to establish control over Manchuria.

Japan's control over Manchuria was primarily established through military aggression. The Mukden Incident in 1931, a staged explosion on the South Manchuria Railway, was used as a pretext for the Japanese invasion of Manchuria. The Kwantung Army, without the Japanese government's approval, swiftly occupied major cities in Manchuria, demonstrating Japan's military might and determination. The League of Nations' inability to take decisive action against this aggression further emboldened Japan, leading to the establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo in 1932.

Political manipulation was another key strategy employed by Japan. The establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo was a clear demonstration of this. Puyi, the last emperor of the Qing Dynasty, was installed as the nominal head of state, giving the regime a veneer of legitimacy. However, real power was held by the Kwantung Army and Japanese advisors, who controlled the administration, police, and economy. Japan also manipulated international politics, withdrawing from the League of Nations in 1933 when it was clear that the international community would not recognise Manchukuo.

Economic exploitation was a further strategy used by Japan to consolidate its control over Manchuria. Japan viewed Manchuria as a solution to its economic and demographic pressures, with its abundant natural resources and vast land. The South Manchuria Railway Company, controlled by the Japanese, played a crucial role in the economic exploitation of Manchuria. It not only controlled the railway but also engaged in various businesses, including mining, banking, and trade. The company's activities facilitated the influx of Japanese settlers and capital into Manchuria, further strengthening Japan's control over the region.

In conclusion, Japan's control over Manchuria was established through a combination of military aggression, political manipulation, and economic exploitation. These strategies allowed Japan to effectively control and exploit Manchuria, despite international condemnation.