What role did nationalism play in political causes of wars?

Nationalism has often been a significant political cause of wars, inciting conflict through territorial disputes and ethnic tensions.

Nationalism, the belief in the superiority of one's nation over others, has been a potent force in shaping the political landscape of the world. It has often been a catalyst for wars, as it can lead to territorial disputes, ethnic tensions, and a desire for self-determination. Nationalism can create a sense of unity and identity among a group of people, but it can also foster a sense of superiority and exclusivity, leading to conflict with other groups.

One of the most notable examples of nationalism leading to war is World War I. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian nationalist sparked a chain of events that led to the outbreak of the war. The nationalist movements in the Balkans, coupled with the complex system of alliances among European powers, created a volatile situation that eventually erupted into war.

Similarly, nationalism played a significant role in the outbreak of World War II. Adolf Hitler's extreme form of German nationalism, combined with his aggressive foreign policy, led to the invasion of Poland and the subsequent declaration of war by Britain and France. Hitler's nationalist ideology, which emphasised racial purity and German superiority, also led to the Holocaust, one of the most horrific genocides in history.

In the post-colonial era, nationalism has continued to be a cause of conflict. The desire for self-determination among various ethnic and national groups has led to numerous wars of independence and secessionist movements. For example, the Biafra War in Nigeria was caused by the Igbo people's desire for an independent nation, while the ongoing conflict in the Basque Country in Spain is driven by Basque nationalism.

In conclusion, nationalism has been a significant political cause of wars throughout history. While it can create a sense of unity and identity, it can also lead to conflict and war when it fosters a sense of superiority and exclusivity, or when it leads to a desire for self-determination that is not recognised by existing political structures.