What led to the rise of militarism in Japan during the 1930s?

The rise of militarism in Japan during the 1930s was primarily driven by economic depression, nationalism, and political instability.

Japan's economic depression in the late 1920s and early 1930s played a significant role in the rise of militarism. The Great Depression had a devastating impact on Japan's economy, leading to high unemployment rates and social unrest. The military, promising stability and growth, became an attractive option for many. The military's influence grew as they promised to protect Japan's interests and restore its economic strength. They advocated for expansionist policies, arguing that acquiring resources from other countries would alleviate Japan's economic woes.

Nationalism was another key factor. The Japanese people, influenced by Shinto and Bushido traditions, held a deep respect for the Emperor and the military. The military exploited this sentiment, positioning themselves as the protectors of the Emperor and the nation. They propagated the idea of 'Hakko Ichiu', the divine mission to unite the world under the Emperor's rule. This ideology justified military aggression and expansion, fostering a sense of national pride and unity.

Political instability also contributed to the rise of militarism. The democratic government was seen as weak and ineffective, especially in the face of economic depression. The military, on the other hand, was seen as a strong and decisive institution. The 1930s saw a series of assassinations and coup attempts by radical military factions, which further destabilised the government. The military's influence in politics grew, and by the mid-1930s, the government was largely controlled by the military.

Furthermore, the international situation in the 1930s also facilitated the rise of militarism. The League of Nations' inability to prevent aggression by Italy and Germany, and the Western powers' policy of appeasement, led Japan to believe that it could pursue its expansionist policies without significant opposition. The military's promise of a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, free from Western influence, appealed to many Japanese, further bolstering their support.

IB History Tutor Summary: In the 1930s, Japan turned towards militarism due to economic hardship, strong nationalism, and political upheaval. The Great Depression worsened Japan's economy, making the military's promise of stability and expansion appealing. National pride, centered around the Emperor, supported military aggression. Political chaos weakened democracy, empowering the military. Internationally, the lack of opposition from other nations encouraged Japan's aggressive policies.