What issues plagued the Catholic Church pre-Reformation?

Pre-Reformation, the Catholic Church was plagued by corruption, clerical immorality, and a disconnect with the laity.

The Catholic Church in the late Middle Ages was riddled with various issues that eventually led to the Reformation. One of the most significant problems was corruption within the Church hierarchy. This corruption was most evident in the practice of simony, where church positions were bought and sold for money. This practice led to the appointment of unqualified individuals to important positions, which further eroded the Church's moral authority.

Another issue was the immorality of the clergy. Many priests, monks, and even high-ranking officials like bishops and cardinals were known to lead lives of luxury and excess, often funded by the tithes and offerings of the faithful. This was in stark contrast to the teachings of the Church, which advocated for a life of simplicity and piety. Moreover, many clergy were known to have mistresses and father children, a clear violation of their vows of celibacy.

The Church was also criticised for its perceived disconnect with the laity. The services were conducted in Latin, a language that the common people did not understand, making it difficult for them to connect with the teachings of the Church. Furthermore, the Church's focus on elaborate rituals and ceremonies was seen as a distraction from its spiritual mission.

The Church's financial demands on its followers were another source of discontent. The selling of indulgences, where people could buy forgiveness for their sins, was particularly controversial. This practice was seen as a way for the Church to exploit the faithful for financial gain.

Finally, the Church's political involvement was a contentious issue. The Church wielded significant political power, often meddling in the affairs of states and even going to war. This was seen as a deviation from its spiritual mission and further eroded its credibility.

These issues, among others, created a climate of dissatisfaction and disillusionment with the Catholic Church, setting the stage for the Reformation.