What economic pressures contributed to apartheid’s end?

International sanctions, divestment, and internal economic instability were key economic pressures that contributed to the end of apartheid.

International sanctions played a significant role in ending apartheid. The United Nations General Assembly and Security Council passed resolutions condemning apartheid and called for a range of sanctions, including arms embargoes and economic sanctions. These measures were designed to isolate South Africa economically and politically, forcing the government to reconsider its policies. The sanctions had a significant impact on the South African economy, leading to a decrease in foreign investment and trade. This economic isolation put pressure on the South African government to end apartheid.

Another significant economic pressure was the divestment movement. This was a campaign in the United States and other countries to withdraw investment from South African companies or companies doing business in South Africa. The divestment movement gained momentum in the 1980s and led to significant financial losses for South African businesses. This further weakened the South African economy and increased pressure on the government to end apartheid.

Internal economic instability also contributed to the end of apartheid. The South African economy was heavily dependent on cheap black labour. However, the apartheid system, with its restrictions on the movement and rights of black workers, led to labour unrest and strikes. These strikes disrupted the economy and led to increased costs for businesses. At the same time, the government was spending a significant portion of its budget on maintaining the apartheid system, including the costs of policing and suppressing opposition. This economic instability made the apartheid system increasingly unsustainable.

In conclusion, a combination of international sanctions, the divestment movement, and internal economic instability put significant pressure on the South African government to end apartheid. These economic pressures, combined with political and social pressures, eventually led to the dismantling of the apartheid system.