What economic policies did Richard I implement during his rule?

Richard I implemented economic policies that focused on raising funds for the Crusades, often through heavy taxation.

Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionheart, ruled England from 1189 to 1199. His reign was characterised by his involvement in the Crusades, which required significant financial resources. To fund these military expeditions, Richard implemented a number of economic policies, the most notable of which was the introduction of heavy taxation.

One of the key taxes introduced by Richard was the "Saladin tithe", a tax of 10% on income and property, which was levied to fund the Third Crusade. This was a significant burden on the population, but it was justified by the perceived religious necessity of the Crusade. Richard also sold off a number of royal properties and rights, including sheriffdoms and other local offices, to raise funds. This policy, known as "scutage", allowed Richard to raise large sums of money quickly, but it also led to a decrease in royal control over local areas.

In addition to these measures, Richard also implemented policies to regulate and control the economy. He issued a number of charters to towns and cities, granting them certain rights and privileges in exchange for financial contributions. These charters often included provisions for the regulation of trade and commerce, which helped to stimulate economic activity and increase royal revenue.

However, Richard's economic policies were not without controversy. His heavy taxation and sale of royal properties were seen by many as a neglect of his domestic responsibilities in favour of his foreign adventures. Moreover, his policies often led to social unrest and economic hardship for the lower classes. Despite these criticisms, Richard's policies were largely successful in raising the funds needed for the Crusades, demonstrating his skill as a military strategist, if not as a domestic ruler.