What drove the Spanish to explore and conquer Mexico and Peru?

The Spanish were driven to explore and conquer Mexico and Peru primarily by the pursuit of wealth, power, and religious conversion.

The Spanish exploration and conquest of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century were largely driven by the three 'Gs': Gold, Glory, and God. The pursuit of wealth, in the form of gold and other precious resources, was a significant motivator. The Spanish Crown and individual conquistadors were eager to exploit the rich resources of the New World, particularly after hearing tales of vast wealth in the Aztec and Inca Empires. The discovery of gold and silver in these regions further fuelled this desire.

The quest for glory and power was another driving force. The Spanish were in competition with other European powers, particularly Portugal, in the race to explore and colonise the New World. Conquering new lands and peoples not only expanded the Spanish Empire but also enhanced the personal status and reputation of the conquistadors involved. Figures like Hernán Cortés, who led the conquest of the Aztec Empire, and Francisco Pizarro, who conquered the Inca Empire, became famous for their exploits.

Religion also played a significant role. The Spanish were devout Catholics and felt a religious duty to convert indigenous peoples to Christianity. This was part of a broader European trend of religious expansion and missionary work during the period. The Spanish Crown and the Catholic Church saw the New World as a vast mission field, and the conquest of Mexico and Peru was accompanied by extensive efforts to convert the indigenous populations.

In addition to these primary motivations, there were also other factors at play. The Spanish were driven by a sense of adventure and curiosity about the unknown. The exploration and conquest of Mexico and Peru were part of the larger Age of Discovery, a period of intense exploration and scientific advancement. The Spanish, like other Europeans, were eager to explore and understand the world beyond their borders. This curiosity, combined with the pursuit of wealth, power, and religious conversion, drove the Spanish to explore and conquer Mexico and Peru.