What administrative reforms did Genghis Khan introduce to the Mongol Empire?

Genghis Khan introduced administrative reforms such as a written code of law, a postal system, and a merit-based promotion system.

Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol Empire, implemented a series of administrative reforms that significantly contributed to the empire's expansion and efficiency. One of the most notable reforms was the introduction of a written code of law, known as Yassa. This code was a comprehensive set of laws that regulated all aspects of Mongol life, including criminal law, trade, and social norms. It was designed to maintain order, discipline, and unity among the diverse groups within the empire. The Yassa was strictly enforced, and its violation was met with severe punishment, ensuring a high level of compliance.

Another significant reform was the establishment of a postal system, known as the Yam. This system consisted of a network of relay stations located at regular intervals along the empire's main roads. Couriers could rest, change horses, and pass on their messages to fresh couriers at these stations, allowing for rapid communication across vast distances. The Yam played a crucial role in the administration of the empire, facilitating the quick transmission of orders, intelligence, and news.

Genghis Khan also introduced a merit-based promotion system within the military and the administration. This was a radical departure from the traditional tribal system, where leadership positions were inherited. In the new system, individuals were promoted based on their abilities and achievements, rather than their lineage or connections. This reform not only increased the efficiency and effectiveness of the empire's military and administrative apparatus but also provided opportunities for social mobility.

Furthermore, Genghis Khan implemented a system of taxation and tribute. He levied taxes on conquered peoples and demanded regular tributes from vassal states. This provided a steady source of revenue for the empire, enabling it to maintain a large standing army and undertake ambitious construction projects.

IB History Tutor Summary: Genghis Khan revolutionised the Mongol Empire with key reforms like Yassa, a set of laws, and the Yam postal system for fast communication. He introduced merit-based promotions, shifting from inherited to ability-based leadership roles. Taxes and tributes from conquered territories funded the empire's projects, enhancing its military and administration's efficiency, and enabling social mobility.