In what ways did Burma's economy change under British rule?

Under British rule, Burma's economy shifted from subsistence farming to a market-oriented economy, with a focus on export crops.

The British colonisation of Burma, now known as Myanmar, in the 19th and early 20th centuries brought about significant changes to the country's economy. Prior to British rule, the Burmese economy was primarily based on subsistence farming, with rice being the main crop. However, the British introduced a market-oriented economy, which led to a shift in agricultural practices.

One of the most significant changes was the introduction of new cash crops. The British encouraged the cultivation of export crops such as rice, teak, and rubber. Rice production, in particular, increased dramatically, making Burma one of the world's leading rice exporters by the early 20th century. This shift towards cash crops had a profound impact on the Burmese economy, as it became heavily dependent on the international market.

The British also introduced new technologies and farming methods, which increased agricultural productivity. However, these changes often benefited the British more than the Burmese. The profits from the export crops largely went to British companies and officials, while the Burmese farmers often remained poor. Moreover, the shift towards cash crops made the Burmese economy vulnerable to fluctuations in international market prices.

In addition to changes in agriculture, the British also developed the mining industry in Burma. They exploited the country's rich natural resources, including oil, rubies, and jade. The mining industry became another important part of the Burmese economy, but again, the profits largely went to the British.

Furthermore, the British introduced a modern banking and financial system in Burma. They established banks, introduced paper money, and implemented a tax system. These changes modernised the Burmese economy, but they also led to increased economic inequality. The British and their local allies often benefited from these changes, while the majority of the Burmese population remained poor.

In conclusion, under British rule, Burma's economy underwent significant changes. It shifted from a subsistence farming economy to a market-oriented economy, with a focus on export crops and mining. However, these changes often benefited the British more than the Burmese, leading to increased economic inequality.