How have policies towards women changed in the 20th century?

Policies towards women in the 20th century have significantly evolved, promoting gender equality and women's rights.

In the early 20th century, women were largely viewed as second-class citizens, with limited rights and opportunities. However, the century witnessed a dramatic shift in policies towards women, driven by social, political, and economic changes. The first wave of feminism, which began in the late 19th century and continued into the early 20th century, was instrumental in securing women's suffrage. In many countries, including the UK and the US, women won the right to vote, marking a significant step towards gender equality. This was a result of relentless campaigning by suffragettes and suffragists, who challenged the traditional patriarchal structures.

The Second World War also played a crucial role in changing attitudes towards women. With men away at war, women were required to fill roles traditionally held by men, proving their capabilities beyond domestic duties. Post-war policies began to reflect this change, with more countries enacting laws to ensure equal pay and employment opportunities. The 1963 Equal Pay Act in the US and the 1970 Equal Pay Act in the UK are notable examples.

The latter half of the 20th century saw the second wave of feminism, which broadened the debate to include issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, and marital rape. Policies began to reflect these concerns, with many countries legalising abortion and implementing laws against domestic violence. The United Nations' adoption of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) in 1979 was a significant international policy change, setting a global standard for women's rights.

In the realm of education, policies also evolved to promote gender equality. The 1972 Title IX legislation in the US prohibited sex discrimination in any educational programme receiving federal funds. In the UK, the Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 made it illegal to discriminate on the grounds of sex or marital status in education, employment, and training.

In conclusion, the 20th century saw a significant evolution in policies towards women. From securing the right to vote to ensuring equal pay and protection from violence, these policy changes have been instrumental in promoting gender equality and women's rights.