How does the African Union differ from the OAU?

The African Union (AU) differs from the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in its focus on economic integration and peacekeeping.

The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was established in 1963 with the primary aim of eradicating colonialism and improving political cooperation among African states. It was a political body that focused on the sovereignty and independence of African states, promoting unity and solidarity among African nations. The OAU was successful in its anti-colonial and anti-apartheid advocacy, leading to the independence of many African countries. However, it was often criticised for its principle of non-interference, which allowed member states to commit human rights abuses without intervention from the organisation.

On the other hand, the African Union (AU), established in 2002, has a broader mandate that includes not only political but also economic integration among its member states. It aims to promote sustainable development at the economic, social and cultural levels as well as to integrate African economies. The AU has the power to intervene in member states in grave circumstances such as war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity, a significant shift from the OAU's principle of non-interference.

The AU also has a peace and security council, which is responsible for maintaining continental peace and security, something the OAU did not have. This council has the power to implement peacekeeping missions and impose sanctions, demonstrating the AU's commitment to conflict prevention and resolution.

Furthermore, the AU has a Pan-African Parliament, a body that aims to provide a common platform for African peoples and their grassroots organisations to be more involved in discussions and decision-making on the problems and challenges facing Africa. This is a clear move towards more inclusive and participatory governance.

IB History Tutor Summary: The African Union (AU), set up in 2002, broadens the work of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) by focusing not just on politics but also on economic ties and peacekeeping. Unlike the OAU, the AU can intervene in serious conflicts and promotes inclusive governance through bodies like the Pan-African Parliament, aiming for a more united and prosperous Africa.