How did the rise of nationalism manifest in Egypt post-1918?

Post-1918, the rise of nationalism in Egypt manifested through increased political activism, the formation of the Wafd Party, and demands for independence.

After the end of World War I in 1918, Egypt witnessed a surge in nationalist sentiments. This was largely a reaction to the British occupation and the desire for self-determination. The most significant manifestation of this rising nationalism was the formation of the Wafd Party in 1919. The Wafd Party, led by Saad Zaghloul, was a nationalist liberal political party that sought complete independence from British rule. The party's formation marked a significant shift in Egyptian politics, as it represented the first organised political opposition to British occupation.

The Wafd Party's demands for independence were met with widespread support from the Egyptian populace, leading to the 1919 Revolution. This revolution was a series of protests and strikes across Egypt, which were met with violent repression by the British authorities. Despite this, the revolution was successful in forcing the British to recognise Egypt's independence in 1922, although they retained control over key areas such as the Suez Canal.

Another manifestation of rising nationalism was the increased political activism among different sections of Egyptian society. Women, for instance, played a significant role in the nationalist movement. Huda Shaarawi, a prominent feminist and nationalist, founded the Egyptian Feminist Union in 1923, advocating for women's rights and national independence. Similarly, workers and peasants also became more politically active, participating in strikes and protests against British rule.

The rise of nationalism also led to the development of a distinct national identity. Egyptians began to take pride in their ancient history and culture, which they saw as distinct from that of their colonial rulers. This was reflected in the arts, literature, and education, which increasingly focused on Egyptian history and culture.

In conclusion, the rise of nationalism in Egypt post-1918 was a multifaceted phenomenon. It manifested in the formation of nationalist political parties, increased political activism, demands for independence, and the development of a distinct national identity.