How did the arts reflect the ascendency of early modern states?

The arts reflected the ascendency of early modern states through the glorification of rulers and the promotion of national identity.

In the early modern period, the arts became a powerful tool for the state to assert its authority, promote its ideology, and shape its identity. This was particularly evident in the visual arts, where monarchs and rulers were often depicted in grandiose and heroic poses, symbolising their power and authority. For instance, in France, Louis XIV commissioned numerous portraits and sculptures of himself in regal attire, reinforcing his image as the 'Sun King' and the absolute ruler of France. Similarly, in England, the Tudor monarchs used portraiture to legitimise their rule and establish a distinct Tudor identity.

The arts also played a crucial role in promoting national identity. This was particularly evident in the development of national schools of painting, such as the Dutch Golden Age, which celebrated the unique landscapes, customs, and people of the Netherlands. These works of art not only reflected the prosperity and confidence of the Dutch Republic but also helped to foster a sense of national pride and unity.

Moreover, the arts were used to propagate the religious and political ideologies of the state. In Spain, for example, the Catholic Monarchs used art to promote Catholicism and counter the Protestant Reformation. This was evident in the works of El Greco and other Spanish artists, who created religious paintings that emphasised the spiritual and mystical aspects of Catholicism.

In addition, the arts were used to commemorate significant events and achievements of the state. This was particularly evident in the creation of monumental architecture, such as palaces, churches, and public buildings, which served as tangible symbols of the state's power and wealth. For example, the construction of the Palace of Versailles by Louis XIV was not only a demonstration of French architectural prowess but also a symbol of the absolute power of the French monarchy.

In conclusion, the arts in the early modern period were not just a form of aesthetic expression but also a powerful medium for the state to assert its authority, promote its ideology, and shape its national identity. Through the arts, the ascendency of early modern states was visually and symbolically represented, reinforcing their power and prestige in the eyes of their subjects and the wider world.