How did Spanish America's governance change under Bourbon rule?

Under Bourbon rule, Spanish America's governance shifted towards centralisation, administrative efficiency, and increased economic exploitation.

The Bourbon Reforms, implemented in the 18th century, brought significant changes to the governance of Spanish America. The Bourbons, a French dynasty that ascended to the Spanish throne in 1700, sought to modernise Spain and its colonies, drawing inspiration from the French absolutist model. They aimed to strengthen royal authority, increase revenues, and assert greater control over the colonies.

One of the key changes was the introduction of the intendancy system, which was designed to improve administrative efficiency. Intendants were royal officials who were responsible for a range of duties, including tax collection, law enforcement, and public works. They reported directly to the king, bypassing the traditional colonial authorities. This system was intended to centralise power and reduce the influence of the local elites.

The Bourbons also sought to increase economic exploitation of the colonies. They implemented a series of measures to boost trade and industry, such as the establishment of monopolies and the reduction of trade restrictions. The aim was to increase revenues and make the colonies more profitable. However, these policies often led to tensions with the local population, who were burdened with higher taxes and faced increased competition from Spanish merchants.

In addition, the Bourbons introduced a number of social and cultural reforms. They sought to assert Spanish culture and Catholicism, in an attempt to create a more unified and loyal population. They established new schools and universities, promoted the Spanish language, and attempted to suppress indigenous cultures.

Overall, the Bourbon Reforms brought significant changes to the governance of Spanish America. They led to a more centralised and efficient administration, increased economic exploitation, and a greater emphasis on Spanish culture and Catholicism. However, these reforms also led to tensions and resistance, contributing to the eventual independence movements in the 19th century.