How did Reza Shah Pahlavi modernize Iran?

Reza Shah Pahlavi modernised Iran through extensive political, social, and economic reforms during his reign from 1925 to 1941.

Reza Shah Pahlavi, the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty, embarked on a comprehensive modernisation programme after he ascended to the throne in 1925. His reforms were aimed at transforming Iran into a modern, secular, and westernised country. Politically, he centralised power and established a strong central government. He replaced the traditional system of governance with a modern bureaucracy, established a secular legal system, and introduced a new civil code. He also reformed the military, creating a professional, modern army.

Socially, Reza Shah implemented reforms that significantly changed the Iranian society. He banned the traditional Islamic veil for women, encouraged them to participate in public life, and provided them with access to education. He also introduced compulsory education for both boys and girls, and promoted the use of Persian language in schools and public life. Furthermore, he launched a cultural revolution, promoting Iranian nationalism and discouraging tribal and religious identities.

Economically, Reza Shah pursued a policy of economic modernisation and industrialisation. He established Iran's first modern industries, including textile mills, sugar refineries, and factories. He also built Iran's first railway network, connecting Tehran with the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. He encouraged foreign investment and sought to reduce Iran's economic dependence on the export of raw materials.

IB History Tutor Summary: Reza Shah Pahlavi led Iran's modernisation from 1925-1941 with political, social, and economic reforms. He centralized power, modernised the legal and educational systems, and banned the Islamic veil for women, promoting public participation and nationalism. He also introduced industrialisation, creating Iran's first industries and railways. Despite facing resistance, especially from religious groups, his reforms significantly modernised Iran and impacted its future development.