How did nationalism foster the rise of independence movements?

Nationalism fostered the rise of independence movements by instilling a sense of shared identity and common purpose among people.

Nationalism, at its core, is a political ideology that emphasises the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty over its homeland. This ideology played a crucial role in the rise of independence movements across the world, particularly in the 19th and 20th centuries.

In many cases, nationalism was a reaction to foreign domination or colonial rule. People who shared a common language, culture, or history came to see themselves as part of a distinct nation that deserved its own state. This sense of national identity often served as a powerful unifying force, bringing together diverse groups to fight for a common cause. For instance, the Indian National Congress, formed in 1885, united various regional and religious groups in India under the banner of nationalism to fight against British colonial rule.

Nationalism also provided a moral and ideological justification for independence movements. It argued that each nation had a right to self-determination, meaning that its people should be able to govern themselves without interference from foreign powers. This principle was enshrined in the United Nations Charter after World War II and has been a cornerstone of international law ever since.

Moreover, nationalism often served as a catalyst for political mobilisation. Nationalist leaders used symbols, narratives, and rituals to foster a sense of national identity and to galvanise support for their cause. They also exploited grievances against foreign rule to rally people to their side. For example, the nationalist leaders in Algeria used the brutal French colonial rule as a rallying point to mobilise the masses for the independence struggle.

In conclusion, nationalism played a pivotal role in the rise of independence movements by fostering a sense of shared identity, providing a moral and ideological justification for independence, and serving as a catalyst for political mobilisation. It was the driving force behind many of the most significant political changes of the 19th and 20th centuries.