How did Muslim rule in Spain influence Iberian culture?

Muslim rule in Spain significantly influenced Iberian culture, particularly in architecture, science, language, and the arts.

The period of Muslim rule in Spain, known as Al-Andalus, lasted from 711 to 1492. During this time, the Iberian Peninsula became a melting pot of Christian, Jewish, and Islamic cultures, leading to a unique blend of traditions and practices. One of the most visible influences of Muslim rule on Iberian culture is in architecture. The Moors, as the Muslim rulers were known, introduced a distinct architectural style characterised by intricate geometric patterns, horseshoe arches, and ornate decoration. This style is evident in iconic structures such as the Alhambra in Granada and the Great Mosque of Cordoba.

In addition to architecture, the Moors also made significant contributions to science and knowledge. They established libraries and centres of learning in cities like Cordoba, which at its peak was one of the most advanced cities in Europe. The Moors translated Greek and Roman texts into Arabic, preserving and expanding upon the knowledge of the ancient world. They made advancements in fields such as astronomy, medicine, and mathematics, which were later passed on to the rest of Europe during the Renaissance.

The influence of Muslim rule can also be seen in the Spanish language. Many Spanish words have Arabic roots, a testament to the eight centuries of Muslim presence in the region. Words such as 'azúcar' (sugar), 'naranja' (orange), and 'arroz' (rice) are all derived from Arabic.

The arts, too, were greatly influenced by the Moors. Music and poetry flourished under their rule, with the introduction of new instruments like the lute and new poetic forms. The Moors also introduced intricate tilework and calligraphy, which became prominent features of Iberian art.

In conclusion, the period of Muslim rule in Spain left a lasting impact on Iberian culture. From architecture and science to language and the arts, the influence of the Moors can still be seen and felt in modern-day Spain.