How did militarism influence Japan’s foreign policy pre-World War II?

Militarism significantly influenced Japan's pre-World War II foreign policy, leading to aggressive expansion and conflict with other nations.

In the early 20th century, Japan underwent a period of rapid industrialisation and modernisation, which led to the growth of a powerful military. This military strength became a dominant force in shaping the country's foreign policy. The military's influence was so strong that it often overrode the decisions of the civilian government, leading to a form of government known as 'military rule'. This militaristic approach to governance and foreign policy was driven by a belief in the superiority of the Japanese race and the need to secure resources for the country's growing industrial sector.

The military's influence on foreign policy was evident in Japan's aggressive expansion into neighbouring territories. This was driven by a desire for resources, particularly in Manchuria, which was rich in iron and coal. The invasion of Manchuria in 1931 marked a significant shift in Japan's foreign policy, as it was the first time the military had acted without the approval of the civilian government. This event demonstrated the military's dominance over the government and set a precedent for future foreign policy decisions.

The military's influence also led to a shift in Japan's diplomatic relationships. The country increasingly distanced itself from the League of Nations and other international bodies, instead aligning itself with other militaristic powers such as Germany and Italy. This alignment was formalised in the Tripartite Pact of 1940, which marked Japan's entry into the Axis Powers and set the stage for its involvement in World War II.

In conclusion, militarism had a profound influence on Japan's pre-World War II foreign policy. It led to aggressive expansion, conflict with other nations, and a shift in diplomatic alliances. The military's dominance over the government and its belief in Japanese racial superiority and the need for resources drove these changes.