How did international support affect the outcome of Namibia's independence struggle?

International support significantly influenced Namibia's independence struggle, leading to its successful liberation from South African rule in 1990.

The international community played a crucial role in Namibia's struggle for independence. The United Nations (UN) was particularly instrumental in this process. In 1966, the UN General Assembly revoked South Africa's mandate to govern Namibia, declaring it illegal. This was followed by the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) ruling in 1971, which affirmed the illegality of South Africa's administration in Namibia. These actions by the UN and ICJ put significant international pressure on South Africa and highlighted the illegitimacy of its control over Namibia.

Furthermore, the UN established the United Nations Council for Namibia (UNCN) in 1967, which was tasked with administering Namibia until independence. The UNCN drafted the Constitution for an independent Namibia and passed the Decree for the Protection of the Natural Resources of Namibia in 1974, which prohibited the illegal exploitation of Namibia's resources by South Africa. These actions further undermined South Africa's control and paved the way for Namibia's independence.

In addition to the UN, other international actors also played significant roles. The Organisation of African Unity (OAU) consistently supported Namibia's independence struggle. The OAU provided financial and military support to the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO), the main liberation movement in Namibia. This support was crucial in sustaining SWAPO's armed struggle against South African rule.

Moreover, the international anti-apartheid movement, which was particularly strong in Western countries, put additional pressure on South Africa. This movement led to economic sanctions and boycotts against South Africa, which further isolated it internationally and weakened its economy. This pressure contributed to South Africa's decision to negotiate an end to its rule in Namibia.

In conclusion, international support was a significant factor in Namibia's independence struggle. The actions of the UN, ICJ, OAU, and the international anti-apartheid movement put significant pressure on South Africa, undermined its control over Namibia, and supported Namibia's liberation movements. This international support was crucial in leading to Namibia's successful independence in 1990.