How did German annexation of Austria alter international relations?

The German annexation of Austria, or Anschluss, significantly strained international relations, particularly with Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.

The Anschluss in March 1938 marked a turning point in international relations, as it was a clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles, which had ended World War I and prohibited any union between Germany and Austria. This act of aggression by Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler was a clear demonstration of his expansionist policies, which were a direct threat to the balance of power in Europe.

Britain and France, the main architects of the Treaty of Versailles, were particularly alarmed by the Anschluss. They had hoped that the treaty would ensure lasting peace in Europe by limiting Germany's power. However, their policy of appeasement, which was aimed at avoiding war by making concessions to Germany, had clearly failed. The Anschluss demonstrated that Hitler was not satisfied with mere concessions and was determined to expand Germany's territory and influence by force if necessary. This led to a significant shift in British and French foreign policy, as they realised that they could no longer rely on appeasement and had to prepare for the possibility of war with Germany.

The Soviet Union was also deeply concerned by the Anschluss. The Soviets had long feared a potential German invasion and saw the Anschluss as a sign that Hitler was becoming increasingly bold and aggressive. This led to a significant deterioration in German-Soviet relations and prompted the Soviets to seek alliances with other countries to counter the growing German threat.

Furthermore, the Anschluss had a profound impact on the international Jewish community. Austria had a significant Jewish population, many of whom were persecuted and displaced as a result of the annexation. This led to an international outcry and increased pressure on countries to accept Jewish refugees.

In conclusion, the German annexation of Austria significantly altered international relations by straining relations with Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, leading to a shift in foreign policy, and sparking an international humanitarian crisis.