How did Baghdad become a cultural centre during the ‘Abbasid period?

Baghdad became a cultural centre during the ‘Abbasid period due to its strategic location and the rulers' patronage of arts and sciences.

Baghdad, founded by the second Abbasid Caliph, Al-Mansur in 762 AD, was strategically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, making it a hub for trade and commerce. This location attracted people from different cultures and backgrounds, leading to a rich cultural exchange. The city's design, inspired by Persian and Byzantine cities, was a testament to the Abbasids' appreciation for diverse cultures. The round city, as it was known, was a marvel of architectural and urban planning, further enhancing its appeal as a cultural centre.

The Abbasid rulers were great patrons of arts and sciences. They established the House of Wisdom, a library and translation centre, which became a beacon of knowledge in the Islamic world. Scholars from various fields such as philosophy, astronomy, medicine, and mathematics were invited to study and work there. This led to a period of intellectual flourishing known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Abbasids also encouraged the translation of Greek, Persian, and Indian works into Arabic, preserving and enhancing the knowledge of the ancient world.

Furthermore, the Abbasids were known for their tolerance towards non-Muslims. Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians were allowed to practice their religion freely and contribute to the cultural and intellectual life of the city. This policy of tolerance attracted scholars and artists from different religious backgrounds, further enriching the cultural diversity of Baghdad.

The Abbasid period also saw the development of a unique style of Islamic art and architecture. The Great Mosque of Samarra, one of the largest mosques in the world, and the Abbasid Palace, with its intricate geometric designs, are examples of the architectural achievements of this period. The Abbasids also developed the art of calligraphy, which became a significant aspect of Islamic culture.

In conclusion, Baghdad's strategic location, the Abbasid rulers' patronage of arts and sciences, their policy of tolerance, and the development of a unique Islamic art and architecture style contributed to its emergence as a cultural centre during the Abbasid period.