How did Babur establish Mughal rule in India?

Babur established Mughal rule in India by defeating the Delhi Sultanate and Rajput Confederacy in the early 16th century.

Babur, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan, was the ruler of the small Fergana Valley in present-day Uzbekistan. He had ambitions to expand his territory and after several unsuccessful attempts to conquer Samarkand, he turned his attention to India. The Delhi Sultanate, which was ruling India at that time, was in a state of decline and Babur saw an opportunity to establish his rule.

In 1526, Babur invaded India and defeated the last Sultan of Delhi, Ibrahim Lodi, at the First Battle of Panipat. This was a significant victory as it marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate and the beginning of the Mughal Empire. Babur's use of advanced military tactics and technology, such as cannons, played a crucial role in his victory.

However, Babur's conquest of India was not complete with the defeat of the Delhi Sultanate. He faced resistance from the Rajput Confederacy, a powerful alliance of Hindu kingdoms in northern India. In 1527, Babur defeated the Rajputs at the Battle of Khanwa, solidifying his control over northern India.

Babur's rule was characterised by his efforts to consolidate his power and establish a strong administrative system. He introduced reforms in the military, judiciary, and revenue collection, which laid the foundation for the Mughal Empire's future growth and prosperity. He also promoted cultural exchange and patronised the arts, leading to the development of a unique Mughal culture that was a blend of Persian, Turkic, and Indian traditions.

In conclusion, Babur established Mughal rule in India through military conquest and administrative reforms. His victories over the Delhi Sultanate and Rajput Confederacy marked the beginning of the Mughal Empire, which would go on to rule India for over three centuries.