Did the achievements of rulers often align with their initial aims?

Yes, the achievements of rulers often align with their initial aims, but not always and not perfectly.

The alignment of a ruler's achievements with their initial aims largely depends on the ruler's ability to maintain control, the resources available, and the circumstances they face during their reign. For instance, Louis XIV of France aimed to centralise power and establish absolute monarchy. He achieved this through various means such as the construction of the Palace of Versailles, which symbolised his absolute power and control. Similarly, Peter the Great of Russia aimed to modernise Russia and make it a significant power in Europe. He achieved this through a series of reforms in the military, government, and society, as well as the establishment of a new capital, Saint Petersburg.

However, there are also instances where rulers' achievements did not align with their initial aims due to unforeseen circumstances or miscalculations. For example, Napoleon Bonaparte initially aimed to spread the ideals of the French Revolution across Europe. However, his aggressive expansionist policies led to widespread resistance and ultimately his downfall. His achievements, therefore, did not perfectly align with his initial aims.

Moreover, some rulers may have had to adjust their aims in response to changing circumstances. For instance, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill initially aimed to defend Britain and its empire. However, as the war progressed, he had to adjust his aims to include the defeat of Nazi Germany, in alliance with the United States and the Soviet Union. His achievements, therefore, were a mix of his initial and adjusted aims.

In conclusion, while the achievements of rulers often align with their initial aims, this is not always the case. The alignment is influenced by a variety of factors, including the ruler's ability to maintain control, the resources available, and the circumstances they face during their reign. Therefore, it is important to consider these factors when analysing the achievements of rulers in history.