Did mercantilism significantly increase the likelihood of conflict between emerging powers?

Yes, mercantilism significantly increased the likelihood of conflict between emerging powers.

Mercantilism, a prevalent economic theory in the 16th to 18th centuries, was based on the belief that a nation's wealth was determined by its stock of precious metals, primarily gold and silver. This led to a zero-sum game mentality, where one nation's gain was seen as another's loss, thereby increasing competition and the likelihood of conflict between emerging powers.

The mercantilist system encouraged nations to establish colonies and monopolise trade with them, leading to a scramble for colonies among European powers. This scramble often resulted in conflicts, as seen in the numerous wars fought over control of the New World and its resources. For instance, the Anglo-Dutch Wars were largely driven by mercantilist competition over trade routes and colonies.

Moreover, mercantilism promoted protectionist policies, such as high tariffs and restrictions on foreign goods, to protect domestic industries and increase exports. These policies often led to trade disputes and tensions between nations, further increasing the likelihood of conflict. The Navigation Acts passed by England in the 17th century, which restricted foreign trade with its colonies, is a prime example of such a policy leading to conflict, as it was one of the causes of the Anglo-Dutch Wars.

Furthermore, the mercantilist system led to an increase in naval and military power, as nations sought to protect their trade routes and colonies. This arms race often resulted in conflicts, as nations felt threatened by each other's growing military power. The Anglo-Spanish War, for instance, was partly caused by England's attempts to challenge Spain's mercantilist monopoly over the New World.

In conclusion, mercantilism significantly increased the likelihood of conflict between emerging powers. Its emphasis on zero-sum competition, colonialism, protectionism, and military power created a volatile environment ripe for conflict.