Why is equitable access to water a global concern?

Equitable access to water is a global concern because it is a fundamental human right and essential for life and health.

Water is a basic necessity for all forms of life. It is needed for drinking, sanitation, agriculture, and industrial use. However, access to clean and safe water is not evenly distributed around the world. This inequity is a major global concern as it directly impacts people's health, livelihoods, and overall quality of life.

The United Nations recognises access to clean water and sanitation as a fundamental human right. Yet, according to the World Health Organisation, about 2.2 billion people around the world do not have safely managed drinking water services, and 4.2 billion people do not have safely managed sanitation services. This lack of access is often due to factors such as poverty, infrastructure, and governance, and it disproportionately affects those in low-income countries and marginalised communities.

Inequitable access to water also has significant health implications. Waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, are often the result of consuming contaminated water and can lead to severe illness and death, particularly in children. Moreover, without access to clean water for washing and sanitation, people are more susceptible to skin and eye infections, and other hygiene-related diseases.

Furthermore, water scarcity and inequitable access can lead to social and political tensions. In many parts of the world, competition for water resources has led to conflicts between communities, regions, and even countries. This is particularly the case in arid regions where water is scarce, and in areas where water resources are shared across borders.

Finally, access to water is crucial for economic development. Agriculture, which is the largest consumer of freshwater, is a major source of income for many people, particularly in developing countries. Industries also rely heavily on water for their operations. Without equitable access to water, these sectors cannot function effectively, which can hinder economic growth and exacerbate poverty.

In conclusion, equitable access to water is a global concern due to its implications for human rights, health, social stability, and economic development. Efforts to address this issue must therefore be a priority for the international community.