Why are there global inequities in resource distribution?

Global inequities in resource distribution exist due to economic disparities, political power, colonial history, and geographical location.

Economic disparities play a significant role in the uneven distribution of resources. Wealthier nations have the financial capacity to extract, produce, and consume more resources than poorer nations. They can invest in technology and infrastructure to access resources, even in remote or difficult terrains. This leads to a situation where a small number of countries consume a large proportion of the world's resources. For instance, the United States, with less than 5% of the world's population, consumes about 20% of its energy.

Political power also influences resource distribution. Countries with more political influence can negotiate favourable trade agreements, allowing them to access resources at lower costs. They can also exert control over international institutions that govern resource distribution, such as the World Trade Organisation. This often results in resource-rich countries, especially in Africa and South America, exporting their resources to wealthier nations instead of using them to meet their own needs.

Colonial history has left a lasting impact on resource distribution. During the colonial period, European powers extracted vast amounts of resources from their colonies, often leaving them depleted and unable to sustain their own populations. The structures set up during this period, such as transport networks designed for exporting resources, continue to shape resource distribution today. Many former colonies remain dependent on exporting raw materials, while lacking the capacity to process them into finished goods.

Lastly, geographical location plays a part in resource distribution. Some resources are unevenly distributed around the world due to natural factors. For example, oil is abundant in the Middle East, while rare earth elements, crucial for modern technology, are primarily found in China. Countries with access to these resources can exploit them for economic gain, while those without such resources are at a disadvantage.

In conclusion, global inequities in resource distribution are a complex issue, shaped by a combination of economic, political, historical, and geographical factors. Addressing these inequities requires a multifaceted approach that takes into account these various dimensions.