What is the impact of air pollution on health?

Air pollution significantly impacts health, causing respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, and premature death.

Air pollution is a major environmental risk to health. By reducing air pollution levels, countries can reduce the burden of disease from stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and both chronic and acute respiratory diseases, including asthma. The lower the levels of air pollution, the better the cardiovascular and respiratory health of the population will be, both long- and short-term.

The most health-damaging pollutants associated with coal combustion are particulate matter (PM), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury. Particulate matter, especially fine particles, can penetrate deep into lung passageways and enter the bloodstream causing cardiovascular, cerebrovascular (stroke), and respiratory impacts. Chronic exposure to particles contributes to the risk of developing cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, as well as lung cancer.

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are two major contributors to acid rain, which is harmful to natural environments and can damage buildings and monuments. More importantly, when inhaled, these gases can cause severe respiratory problems and exacerbate conditions like asthma.

Mercury is a potent neurotoxin, particularly harmful to developing fetuses and young children. It can affect children’s cognitive development, causing long-term damage to their learning abilities and behaviour.

Air pollution doesn't only affect physical health, but also mental health. Recent studies have shown a link between exposure to air pollution and cognitive decline, mental health problems in children, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Furthermore, air pollution can cause premature death. According to the World Health Organisation, an estimated 4.2 million premature deaths globally are linked to ambient air pollution, mainly from heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and acute respiratory infections in children.

In conclusion, the impact of air pollution on health is significant and multifaceted. It's not just about the immediate effects, such as respiratory problems, but also the long-term impacts on both physical and mental health. Therefore, it's crucial to take measures to reduce air pollution and mitigate its harmful effects.