What are the main greenhouse gases contributing to climate change?

The main greenhouse gases contributing to climate change are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities, specifically the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy and transportation. Deforestation also contributes to CO2 emissions as trees absorb CO2, so when they are cut down, the stored CO2 is released back into the atmosphere. CO2 is particularly concerning due to its long lifespan in the atmosphere, allowing it to accumulate and cause long-term effects.

Methane (CH4) is the second most common greenhouse gas. It is released during the production and transport of coal, oil, and natural gas. Methane is also emitted by livestock and other agricultural practices, as well as by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. Although methane doesn't linger as long in the atmosphere as CO2, it is more efficient at trapping radiation, making it significantly more potent.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and biomass. It is also released during certain soil management practices, particularly the use of synthetic and organic fertilisers. Like methane, nitrous oxide is much more effective at trapping heat than carbon dioxide, although it is less prevalent in the atmosphere.

Fluorinated gases are synthetic, potent greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial applications. These are much less common but are much more potent than the other greenhouse gases. They are typically used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems, electronics manufacturing, and as solvents for cleaning processes. These gases are often used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances, as they do not deplete the ozone layer. However, they have a very high global warming potential due to their ability to absorb more heat than other gases and their long atmospheric lifetimes.

In summary, while carbon dioxide is the most prevalent greenhouse gas, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases also play significant roles in climate change. Their ability to trap heat in the atmosphere leads to a rise in global temperatures, contributing to the phenomenon known as global warming.