How does acid deposition affect human health?

Acid deposition can harm human health by causing respiratory problems and contaminating drinking water.

Acid deposition, also known as acid rain, is a broad term that includes any form of precipitation with acidic components, such as sulphuric or nitric acid, that fall to the ground from the atmosphere in wet or dry forms. This can include rain, snow, fog, hail or even dust that is acidic. The primary cause of acid deposition is the industrial burning of coal and other fossil fuels, the waste gases from which contain sulphur and nitrogen oxides.

When these acids fall to the ground, they can have serious impacts on human health. One of the most direct ways is through the air we breathe. Acidic particles can become suspended in the atmosphere and when inhaled, these particles can cause severe respiratory problems, such as asthma and bronchitis, especially in those who are already vulnerable, like the elderly and children.

Moreover, acid deposition can contaminate our water sources. When acid rain falls, it can make bodies of water, such as lakes, rivers and streams, more acidic. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of harmful substances like aluminium in the water. If this contaminated water is consumed, it can lead to health problems such as dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and other neurological disorders.

Acid deposition can also affect the soil by changing its chemical composition. This can lead to a decrease in the quality of crops and other plants, which can indirectly affect human health. For instance, if the nutritional value of crops decreases, it can lead to malnutrition and other health problems related to poor diet.

In conclusion, acid deposition can have a significant impact on human health, primarily through respiratory problems and water contamination. It is therefore crucial to take measures to reduce the emissions that cause acid deposition, in order to protect both our health and the environment.