Explain the role of religion in shaping EVS.

Religion plays a significant role in shaping Environmental Value Systems (EVS) by influencing attitudes and behaviours towards the environment.

Religion, as a social institution, has a profound impact on people's values, attitudes, and behaviours, including their perspectives on the environment. This influence is reflected in the formation of Environmental Value Systems (EVS), which are the beliefs, values, and assumptions that individuals or societies hold about their relationship with the environment.

Different religions have different teachings and doctrines about the environment, which can shape the EVS of their followers. For instance, many indigenous religions view the environment as sacred and emphasise the need for harmony and balance with nature. This worldview can lead to an EVS that values sustainability and conservation. On the other hand, some interpretations of Christianity have been criticised for promoting a dominion theology, which sees humans as having the right to use and control nature. This can lead to an EVS that prioritises human needs and economic development over environmental protection.

Religion can also influence EVS through its role in shaping moral and ethical frameworks. Many religions teach principles such as stewardship, respect for life, and responsibility for future generations, which can encourage environmentally responsible behaviours. For example, the concept of 'karma' in Hinduism and Buddhism implies that actions have consequences, which can motivate individuals to act in ways that minimise harm to the environment.

Furthermore, religion can play a role in mobilising collective action for environmental causes. Religious leaders and institutions can use their influence to raise awareness about environmental issues, advocate for policy changes, and mobilise their followers to take action. For example, Pope Francis's encyclical 'Laudato Si' has been influential in promoting a moral and ethical response to climate change within the Catholic community and beyond.

However, it's important to note that the influence of religion on EVS can be complex and varied, depending on factors such as religious interpretation, cultural context, and individual beliefs. Therefore, while religion can play a significant role in shaping EVS, it is just one of many factors that influence how individuals and societies value and interact with the environment.