Why is optical fibre preferred for long-distance transmission?

Optical fibre is preferred for long-distance transmission due to its high data capacity and low signal loss.

Optical fibre, a type of cable that uses light to transmit data, has become the standard for long-distance communication due to several key advantages. Firstly, it has an incredibly high data capacity. This is because light waves can carry more information per second than electrical signals, which are used in traditional copper cables. This high data capacity, often referred to as bandwidth, allows for the transmission of large amounts of data quickly and efficiently, making optical fibre ideal for applications such as internet and television broadcasting.

Secondly, optical fibre experiences less signal loss over long distances compared to other transmission mediums. This is due to the fact that light signals do not degrade as quickly as electrical signals. In copper cables, the signal strength decreases significantly over long distances, requiring the use of repeaters to boost the signal and maintain data integrity. However, in optical fibre, the signal can travel much further before it needs to be amplified, making it more efficient for long-distance transmission.

Furthermore, optical fibre is immune to electromagnetic interference. Copper cables can be affected by other electrical devices and power lines, which can cause data corruption and loss. However, as optical fibre uses light to transmit data, it is not affected by these interferences, ensuring a more reliable and stable connection.

Lastly, optical fibre is more secure than other transmission mediums. The data transmitted through optical fibre is extremely difficult to intercept, as it would require physically tapping into the fibre, which would likely cause noticeable signal loss and be detected. This makes optical fibre a preferred choice for organisations that require secure data transmission, such as government agencies and financial institutions.

In conclusion, the high data capacity, low signal loss, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and increased security make optical fibre the preferred choice for long-distance data transmission.