What are the principles behind the Convention on Biological Diversity?

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is based on principles of conservation, sustainable use, and fair sharing of benefits.

The Convention on Biological Diversity, established in 1992, is a multilateral treaty with three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources. These principles are designed to protect the world's biodiversity and ensure that all nations can benefit from their natural resources.

The principle of conservation is about preserving the variety of life on Earth. This includes all forms of life, from tiny microorganisms to large mammals, and the ecosystems they form. The CBD recognises that biodiversity is not just important for its own sake, but also for the essential services it provides to humans, such as clean air and water, food, and medicine.

The principle of sustainable use is about using biological resources in a way that does not lead to their long-term decline. This means ensuring that the use of plants, animals, and other components of biodiversity is sustainable and does not harm the ability of future generations to benefit from them. This principle recognises that while humans rely on biodiversity for their wellbeing, overuse or misuse of these resources can lead to their depletion and the loss of biodiversity.

The principle of fair and equitable sharing of benefits is about ensuring that all nations, particularly those with rich biodiversity, can benefit from their natural resources. This includes sharing the benefits that come from the use of genetic resources, such as the development of new medicines. This principle recognises that while all nations should have access to these resources, those that provide them should also share in the benefits.

In addition to these principles, the CBD also emphasises the importance of public participation and the inclusion of indigenous and local communities in decision-making processes. It recognises that these communities often have a deep understanding of biodiversity and can play a crucial role in its conservation and sustainable use.