How does cholesterol affect blood vessels?

Cholesterol can build up in the arteries, leading to atherosclerosis and potentially causing heart disease and stroke.

Cholesterol is a type of fat (lipid) that is essential for many bodily functions. It helps to build the structure of cell membranes, makes up digestive bile acids in the intestine, allows the body to produce Vitamin D and enables the body to make certain hormones. However, when there is too much cholesterol in your blood, it can combine with other substances in the blood to form plaque, which sticks to the walls of your arteries.

This process is known as atherosclerosis. Over time, the plaque hardens and narrows the arteries, limiting the flow of oxygen-rich blood to your organs and other parts of your body. This can lead to serious problems, including heart disease and stroke. The coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, are often the ones that become narrowed. If the flow of blood to part of the heart is blocked, this can result in a heart attack.

There are two types of cholesterol: low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or 'good' cholesterol. LDL carries cholesterol to the arteries, where it can form plaque. HDL, on the other hand, carries cholesterol away from the arteries, back to the liver, where it is broken down and removed from the body. Therefore, high levels of LDL cholesterol and low levels of HDL cholesterol increase the risk of atherosclerosis and heart disease.

It's also worth noting that not all cholesterol comes from the diet. The liver actually produces most of the cholesterol the body needs. However, eating a diet high in saturated and trans fats can increase blood cholesterol levels. Regular exercise, a healthy diet, and certain medications can help lower high cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

In conclusion, while cholesterol is necessary for the body, an excess can lead to atherosclerosis, potentially causing heart disease and stroke. Therefore, maintaining a balance is crucial for overall health.