Explain the significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction.

Meiosis is significant in sexual reproduction as it produces genetically diverse haploid gametes necessary for fertilisation.

Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. This process is crucial in sexual reproduction as it produces the gametes - sperm in males and eggs in females - that are necessary for fertilisation. The reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid during meiosis ensures that when fertilisation occurs, the resulting offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes.

The significance of meiosis in sexual reproduction extends beyond just the production of gametes. It also introduces genetic diversity, which is a key factor in evolution and the survival of species. During meiosis, two important processes occur: crossing over and independent assortment. Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, while independent assortment is the random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes. These processes result in new combinations of genes in the offspring, increasing genetic variation within a population.

Genetic diversity is crucial for the survival and evolution of species. It allows populations to adapt to changing environments and resist diseases. Without meiosis and the genetic diversity it introduces, populations would be more susceptible to extinction due to environmental changes or disease outbreaks.

Furthermore, meiosis also corrects errors in DNA replication. During the process, any mistakes made during DNA replication in the parent cells can be corrected. This ensures the integrity of the genetic material passed on to the offspring.

In conclusion, meiosis plays a pivotal role in sexual reproduction. It not only produces the necessary gametes for fertilisation but also introduces genetic diversity, promotes adaptation and evolution, and maintains the integrity of genetic material. Without meiosis, sexual reproduction as we know it would not be possible.