What is the purpose of a substation in the National Grid?

A substation in the National Grid transforms voltage levels and distributes electricity efficiently to homes and businesses.

Substations play a crucial role in the National Grid by managing the voltage of electricity as it travels from power stations to consumers. When electricity is generated at power stations, it is produced at a relatively low voltage. To transport this electricity over long distances efficiently, the voltage is increased using transformers at a substation. High voltage reduces energy loss during transmission, making the process more efficient.

Once the high-voltage electricity reaches its destination area, it needs to be reduced to a safer, lower voltage suitable for use in homes and businesses. This is where another substation comes into play. It uses transformers to step down the voltage to levels that can be safely used by consumers. For example, electricity might be transmitted at 400,000 volts but needs to be reduced to around 230 volts for household use.

Substations also serve as control points within the National Grid. They help to manage the flow of electricity, ensuring that it is distributed evenly and reliably. This involves monitoring the grid's performance and making adjustments as needed to prevent overloads and maintain a stable supply. Additionally, substations can isolate sections of the grid for maintenance or in case of faults, minimising disruptions to the overall system.

In summary, substations are essential for transforming voltage levels and ensuring the efficient and safe distribution of electricity from power stations to end users. They help maintain the stability and reliability of the National Grid, making sure that electricity is available whenever and wherever it is needed.