What are the benefits of using high voltage in the National Grid?

Using high voltage in the National Grid reduces energy loss and improves efficiency in electricity transmission.

When electricity is transmitted over long distances, it encounters resistance in the wires, which causes energy to be lost as heat. By using high voltage, the current in the wires is reduced, and since energy loss is proportional to the square of the current, this significantly decreases the amount of energy lost. This means that more of the generated electricity actually reaches homes and businesses, making the system more efficient.

High voltage transmission also allows for the use of thinner, lighter wires, which are cheaper and easier to install and maintain. This is because the lower current reduces the heating effect on the wires, allowing them to be made from less material without compromising safety or performance. This not only saves money but also reduces the environmental impact of producing and installing these materials.

Furthermore, using high voltage enables the National Grid to transmit electricity over much greater distances. This is particularly important for integrating renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar farms, which are often located far from where the electricity is actually used. High voltage transmission makes it feasible to connect these remote energy sources to the grid, helping to increase the proportion of renewable energy in the overall energy mix and reduce reliance on fossil fuels.

In summary, using high voltage in the National Grid minimises energy loss, reduces costs, and supports the integration of renewable energy sources, making the electricity transmission system more efficient and sustainable.