What role did Parliament play under Edward I's rule?

Parliament under Edward I played a crucial role in raising taxes, passing laws, and advising the king.

Edward I, who reigned from 1272 to 1307, significantly developed the role of Parliament in England. He recognised the importance of involving his subjects in governance, especially when it came to raising funds for his military campaigns. Edward needed money to finance wars in Wales, Scotland, and France, and he realised that gaining the support of his barons and other influential figures was essential. By calling regular Parliaments, he could secure the necessary taxes more effectively.

One of Edward's most notable contributions was the Model Parliament of 1295. This assembly included not just the nobility and clergy, but also commoners such as knights and burgesses (representatives from towns). This broader representation meant that more sections of society had a voice in government, which helped Edward to legitimise his rule and the taxes he imposed. The Model Parliament set a precedent for future Parliaments, establishing the principle that taxation required the consent of the realm.

Parliament also played a role in passing laws during Edward's reign. Edward used Parliament to introduce significant legal reforms, such as the Statutes of Westminster, which aimed to improve the administration of justice and address grievances. These statutes helped to standardise laws across the kingdom and strengthen royal authority.

Additionally, Parliament served as an advisory body to the king. Edward valued the counsel of his barons and other members of Parliament, using their advice to make informed decisions. This advisory role helped to create a sense of shared governance, even though the king retained ultimate authority.

In summary, under Edward I, Parliament became an essential institution for raising taxes, passing laws, and advising the king, laying the groundwork for its future development.