How did the Normans manage local governance in England?

The Normans managed local governance in England through a system of feudalism, centralised administration, and the use of sheriffs.

After their victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, implemented a new system of governance to control England. They introduced feudalism, a hierarchical system where the king granted land to his most loyal nobles, known as barons, in exchange for military service and loyalty. These barons, in turn, distributed land to lesser nobles and knights, who also pledged their service and loyalty. This created a structured society where everyone had a clear role and responsibilities, ensuring the king maintained control over the land and its people.

To further strengthen their hold, the Normans centralised administration by building castles across England. These castles served as military strongholds, administrative centres, and symbols of Norman power. They were strategically placed to control key areas and suppress any potential rebellions. The most famous of these is the Tower of London, which not only served as a royal residence but also as a prison and a treasury.

The Normans also introduced the role of sheriffs, or 'shire-reeves', who were royal officials responsible for maintaining law and order in their assigned shires (counties). Sheriffs collected taxes, enforced the king's laws, and managed the king's estates. They played a crucial role in the local administration and were directly accountable to the king, ensuring that his authority was felt throughout the kingdom.

Additionally, the Domesday Book, commissioned by William in 1085, was a comprehensive survey of England's lands and resources. It provided detailed information on land ownership, resources, and population, allowing the Normans to efficiently tax and manage the country. This meticulous record-keeping was a testament to the Normans' administrative capabilities and helped them maintain control over their new realm.