How did the Normans influence English cultural practices?

The Normans influenced English cultural practices through changes in language, architecture, governance, and social structure.

The Norman Conquest of 1066 brought significant changes to England, starting with the introduction of the Norman French language. This new language blended with Old English, creating Middle English, which greatly enriched the English vocabulary. Many legal, administrative, and aristocratic terms in modern English, such as 'court', 'judge', and 'castle', have Norman origins.

Architecturally, the Normans left a lasting legacy with their Romanesque style, characterised by large stone buildings with rounded arches and massive walls. They constructed impressive castles, such as the Tower of London, and grand cathedrals, like Durham Cathedral. These structures not only demonstrated Norman power but also transformed the English landscape and influenced future architectural styles.

In terms of governance, the Normans introduced the feudal system, which restructured English society. Land was distributed among Norman nobles, who in turn provided military service to the king. This system created a clear hierarchy and shifted power dynamics, leading to the establishment of a more centralised form of government. The Domesday Book, commissioned by William the Conqueror, exemplifies this change, as it was a comprehensive survey of land and resources, aiding in efficient tax collection and administration.

Socially, the Normans brought changes to the English aristocracy. Many Anglo-Saxon nobles were replaced by Norman lords, which altered the social fabric of the country. The Normans also introduced chivalric codes and courtly manners, influencing the behaviour and expectations of the English nobility.

Overall, the Norman influence permeated various aspects of English life, leaving a profound and lasting impact on the country's cultural practices.