How did Edward I strengthen royal authority during his reign?

Edward I strengthened royal authority by reforming the legal system, consolidating power, and expanding his territories through conquest.

Edward I, also known as Edward Longshanks, reigned from 1272 to 1307 and is often remembered for his significant contributions to the English legal system. One of his key reforms was the introduction of the Statutes of Westminster, which aimed to standardise and clarify the law. These statutes addressed various issues, such as property rights and criminal justice, making the legal system more consistent and fair. By doing so, Edward ensured that the law was more uniformly applied across his kingdom, thereby strengthening royal authority.

In addition to legal reforms, Edward I worked to consolidate his power by curbing the influence of the barons. He summoned regular parliaments, which included not only nobles but also commoners, thus broadening the base of his support. This move helped to reduce the power of the barons, who had previously been a significant check on royal authority. By involving a wider range of people in governance, Edward was able to centralise power more effectively.

Edward I also expanded his territories through military conquests, most notably in Wales and Scotland. His campaigns in Wales led to the construction of a series of formidable castles, such as those at Caernarfon and Conwy, which helped to secure English control over the region. In Scotland, although his efforts were ultimately less successful, his initial victories and the subsequent imposition of English rule demonstrated his ambition to extend his authority beyond traditional borders.

Through these legal reforms, political strategies, and military campaigns, Edward I was able to significantly strengthen royal authority during his reign, leaving a lasting impact on the English monarchy.