What are the main cells in global atmospheric circulation?

The main cells in global atmospheric circulation are the Hadley Cell, the Ferrel Cell, and the Polar Cell.

Global atmospheric circulation is a large-scale movement of air that helps distribute thermal energy across the Earth. This circulation is divided into three main cells in each hemisphere: the Hadley Cell, the Ferrel Cell, and the Polar Cell.

The Hadley Cell is the largest and is found between the equator and about 30 degrees latitude north and south. Warm air rises at the equator, creating low pressure and heavy rainfall. This air then moves towards the poles at high altitudes. As it cools, it sinks around 30 degrees latitude, creating high pressure and dry conditions, often leading to deserts.

The Ferrel Cell lies between 30 and 60 degrees latitude. It acts as a sort of gear between the Hadley and Polar Cells. Air in the Ferrel Cell moves in the opposite direction to the Hadley and Polar Cells. At around 60 degrees latitude, the air rises again, creating low pressure and leading to more temperate climates with variable weather.

The Polar Cell is found from 60 degrees latitude to the poles. Here, cold air sinks at the poles, creating high pressure. This air then moves towards the equator at the surface. When it reaches around 60 degrees latitude, it warms up and rises, creating low pressure and leading to polar front zones where cold and warm air masses meet, often causing stormy weather.

These cells work together to balance the Earth's energy and create different climate zones, from the hot, wet tropics to the cold, dry poles. Understanding these cells helps us to predict weather patterns and climate changes.