How do historical maps differ from modern maps?

Historical maps often lack accuracy and detail compared to modern maps, reflecting the knowledge and technology of their time.

Historical maps were created with the limited geographical knowledge and technology available at the time. Early mapmakers relied on explorers' accounts, rudimentary surveying techniques, and sometimes even myths and legends. This often resulted in maps that were not to scale, had distorted shapes of continents and countries, and included imaginary places or creatures. For example, early maps of the world might show sea monsters in uncharted waters or entire continents that don't exist.

In contrast, modern maps benefit from advanced technology such as satellite imagery, GPS, and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). These tools allow for precise measurements and detailed representations of the Earth's surface. Modern maps are highly accurate, showing exact locations, distances, and geographical features. They can also be updated quickly to reflect changes in the landscape, such as new roads or buildings.

Another key difference is the purpose and use of maps. Historical maps were often created for navigation, exploration, or to claim territories. They might emphasise political boundaries, trade routes, or areas of interest to the mapmaker's patrons. Modern maps, however, serve a wide range of purposes, from everyday navigation using apps like Google Maps to specialised uses in fields like urban planning, environmental science, and disaster management.

Additionally, the artistic style of historical maps often reflects the culture and aesthetics of the time. They might include elaborate illustrations, decorative borders, and artistic flourishes that make them as much works of art as practical tools. Modern maps, while sometimes still visually appealing, tend to prioritise clarity and functionality over artistic expression.

In summary, historical maps provide a fascinating glimpse into the past, showing how people once viewed and understood the world, while modern maps offer precise, up-to-date information thanks to advanced technology.