Why is a high atom economy desirable in chemical processes?

A high atom economy is desirable in chemical processes because it maximises the use of reactants, reducing waste and cost.

Atom economy is a concept in green chemistry that measures the efficiency of a chemical reaction. It is calculated as the ratio of the total mass of the desired products to the total mass of all products, expressed as a percentage. A high atom economy means that most of the atoms from the reactants are incorporated into the desired product, minimising the production of waste.

This is particularly important in industrial chemical processes, where large quantities of reactants are used. If a process has a low atom economy, a significant proportion of the reactants will end up as waste, which is not only environmentally damaging but also economically wasteful. By contrast, a process with a high atom economy will make the most efficient use of the reactants, reducing both waste and cost.

Furthermore, a high atom economy can also reduce the energy required for a chemical process. This is because the production of waste often requires additional energy, for example to separate the waste from the desired product. Therefore, a process with a high atom economy can also be more energy-efficient.

Finally, a high atom economy can also contribute to the sustainability of a chemical process. By reducing waste and energy use, a process with a high atom economy can help to conserve resources and reduce the environmental impact of the chemical industry. This is increasingly important in a world where resources are finite and environmental concerns are growing.

In conclusion, a high atom economy is desirable in chemical processes because it maximises the use of reactants, reduces waste and cost, and contributes to sustainability.