What factors can affect the accuracy of a titration?

The accuracy of a titration can be affected by measurement errors, quality of reagents, and the precision of the endpoint determination.

Measurement errors can significantly impact the accuracy of a titration. This includes errors in measuring the volume of the solution used, inaccuracies in the balance used to weigh the sample, and errors in reading the burette. For example, if the initial and final readings of the burette are not recorded accurately, it can lead to a significant error in the calculated concentration of the unknown solution. Similarly, if the sample is not weighed accurately, it can also lead to errors in the final result.

The quality of reagents used in a titration can also affect its accuracy. If the reagents are not pure, or if they have degraded over time, it can lead to inaccuracies in the titration results. For instance, if the standard solution used in the titration has not been prepared accurately or has been contaminated, it can affect the accuracy of the titration. Similarly, if the indicator used to determine the endpoint of the titration is not suitable or has degraded, it can lead to errors in the determination of the endpoint.

The precision of the endpoint determination is another factor that can affect the accuracy of a titration. The endpoint of a titration is the point at which the reaction between the titrant and the analyte is complete. If the endpoint is not determined accurately, it can lead to errors in the calculated concentration of the unknown solution. For example, if the colour change of the indicator is not observed accurately, or if the titration is over-titrated or under-titrated, it can lead to inaccuracies in the final result. Therefore, it is crucial to choose an appropriate indicator and to carefully observe the colour change at the endpoint to ensure the accuracy of a titration.