What are typical physical properties of transition metals?

Transition metals typically have high melting points, are good conductors of heat and electricity, and are malleable and ductile.

Transition metals are a group of elements found in the middle of the periodic table. They are known for their unique physical properties which make them incredibly useful in a variety of applications. One of the most notable properties of transition metals is their high melting points. For example, tungsten, a transition metal, has the highest melting point of all pure metals at 3422 degrees Celsius. This makes them ideal for use in situations where high temperatures are involved, such as in the manufacture of aircraft and spacecraft.

Another key property of transition metals is their ability to conduct heat and electricity. This is due to the presence of free electrons in their outer shell which can move freely, allowing them to carry an electric charge. Copper, for instance, is a widely used electrical conductor due to its excellent conductivity.

Transition metals are also malleable, meaning they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without breaking, and ductile, meaning they can be drawn into thin wires. This is because the atoms in these metals are arranged in a way that allows them to slide over each other without breaking their metallic bonds. Gold, a transition metal, is a perfect example of this as it can be hammered into sheets so thin that they are semi-transparent.

In addition, many transition metals are also dense and have a high tensile strength, making them resistant to wear and tear. They also often have a shiny appearance, known as metallic lustre. These properties, combined with their high reactivity and ability to form compounds with a wide range of colours, make transition metals incredibly versatile and important in many areas of science and industry.