How does sulfur dioxide affect the environment?

Sulphur dioxide primarily contributes to acid rain, air pollution, and harms plant and animal life.

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a colourless gas with a sharp, burning smell. It is produced from the burning of fossil fuels (coal and oil) and the smelting of mineral ores that contain sulphur. When released into the atmosphere, it can have several harmful effects on the environment.

One of the main environmental impacts of sulphur dioxide is its contribution to acid rain. When SO2 combines with water and oxygen in the atmosphere, it forms sulphuric acid. This acid can fall to the earth as rain, snow, fog, or dust. Acid rain can damage forests and other vegetation, acidify bodies of water, and harm aquatic life. It can also corrode buildings and monuments, especially those made of limestone and marble, which contain calcium carbonate.

Sulphur dioxide is also a significant component of air pollution. High concentrations of SO2 in the air can result in breathing problems and lung diseases, particularly in children and the elderly. It can also exacerbate existing heart and lung conditions, such as asthma. Furthermore, SO2 can react with other chemicals in the atmosphere to form fine particles that can obscure visibility, leading to reduced sunlight and cooler temperatures.

In addition to harming human health, sulphur dioxide can also affect plant life. High levels of SO2 can damage the leaves of plants, reducing their ability to photosynthesise. This can stunt growth and reduce crop yields. Some species are more sensitive to SO2 than others, and prolonged exposure can lead to changes in plant communities, with more resistant species becoming dominant.

In summary, sulphur dioxide has a significant impact on the environment. It contributes to acid rain, air pollution, and can harm both plant and animal life. It's therefore crucial to monitor and control SO2 emissions to protect our environment.