How do you use titration results to calculate concentration?

You calculate concentration from titration results by using the formula: concentration = moles/volume.

In a titration, you're essentially mixing two solutions - the analyte and the titrant - until the reaction between them is complete. The point at which this happens is called the equivalence point. To calculate the concentration of the analyte, you need to know the volume of the titrant used to reach the equivalence point and its concentration.

The first step is to calculate the number of moles of the titrant used. This is done by multiplying the volume of the titrant (in litres) by its concentration (in moles per litre). Remember, the volume must be converted from millilitres to litres by dividing by 1000.

Next, you use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction to find the stoichiometric ratio between the analyte and the titrant. This ratio tells you how many moles of analyte react with each mole of titrant.

Then, you calculate the number of moles of the analyte by multiplying the number of moles of the titrant by the stoichiometric ratio.

Finally, you calculate the concentration of the analyte by dividing the number of moles of the analyte by the volume of the analyte (in litres).

For example, if you used 0.025 litres of a 0.1M titrant to reach the equivalence point, you used 0.0025 moles of the titrant. If the stoichiometric ratio is 1:1, then there are also 0.0025 moles of the analyte. If the volume of the analyte was 0.05 litres, then its concentration is 0.0025 moles / 0.05 litres = 0.05M.

Remember, always ensure your measurements are accurate and your calculations are precise to get the most reliable results.