How do alloys differ from pure metals?

Alloys differ from pure metals as they are a mixture of two or more metals or a metal and a non-metal.

Alloys are created by melting two or more elements together, at least one of which is a metal. This process forms a new substance with properties that are different from those of the pure metals. Pure metals, on the other hand, consist of only one type of atom. They have a regular, closely packed arrangement of atoms that can slide over each other, which makes them malleable and ductile.

The properties of alloys are often superior to those of their component elements. For instance, steel, an alloy of iron and carbon, is stronger and more durable than pure iron. This is because the different sized atoms of the mixed elements disturb the regular arrangement of atoms in the pure metal, preventing them from sliding over each other. This makes the alloy harder, stronger, or more resistant to corrosion.

Alloys can also have a range of colours, melting points, and electrical conductivity, depending on the elements used. For example, bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, has a lower melting point than either of its components. It's also more resistant to corrosion and has a different colour.

In summary, while pure metals have their own set of useful properties, alloys, with their mix of elements, offer a broader range of characteristics. This makes them highly valuable in various industries, from construction and transportation to jewellery and electronics.